Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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- P-ISSN1229-0653
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-0653
Vol.23 No.1
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the validity of Schwartz's value theory to Korean university students. This study employed the 57-item Schwartz Value Survey (SVS; Schwartz, 1994) and conducted similarity structure analysis to examine the value structure and contents among Korean University students (n=582). The results indicated a consistency with the theoretical model proposed by Schwartz. The value structures of Korean university students were similar to Schwartz' theoretical model with several variations. Eight out of 10 value domains were identified as discrete and 2 value domains (Benevolence and Conformity) were combined. Fifty-one out of 57 values emerged in the postulated locations. Implications for cross-cultural differences in values were discussed.
Abstract
his study examined the effects of sharing daily events on marital intimacy. Laurenceau et al. (1998; 2005)’s process model of intimacy was selected as a research model. The results were analyzed by the bootstrap and a multi-group analysis. The Bootstrap analysis demonstrated that perceived partner responsiveness mediate the effects of self-disclosure and partner disclosure on intimacy. The multi-group analysis demonstrated that process of marital intimacy differed by gender and the type of the shared experience. While a model for sharing positive events could be applied for both genders, models for sharing negative events varied by gender. There are gender differences. For husbands, sharing negative events had a significant mediating effect on self disclosure, but for wives, sharing negative events had a significant mediating effect on partner disclosure.
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of the organizational culture of gender prejudice on the perception of the effectiveness as well as various psychological characteristics of male and female leaders, as suggested by the role incongruity theory. More specifically, we examined the effect of gender prejudice of the members of the organizations of the public sectors on male and female leaders' evaluation of themselves (Study 1) as well as the evaluation of the subordinates regarding their male and female leaders (Study 2). The results of Study 1 demonstrated that as expected, in the high-prejudiced organizations female leaders showed lower collective self-esteem, had fewer mentors and evaluated themselves as being less effective than male leaders did, while no such gender differences emerged in low-prejudiced organizations. Female leaders tended to evaluate their femininity characteristics lower in the high-prejudiced organization than in the low-prejudiced organization, unlike male leaders. The results of Study 2 demonstrated that in the low-prejudiced organization male and female subordinates did not differ in their evaluation of male and female leaders, while in the high-prejudiced organization male subordinates evaluated male leaders more positively than female leaders and female subordinates evaluated female leaders more positively than male leaders. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate naturally generated attachment groups of university students (N = 128) using a Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) methodology. As a result of the LPA employing the four attachment dimensions that Bartholomew (1990) conceptualized, three groups were naturally generated：(a) insecure-avoidant group, (b) secure-dependent group, and (c) ambivalent group. In order to examine the significant differences among the three groups on indices of mental health and locus of evaluation, a MANOVA was conducted. As a result, the ambivalent and insecure-avoidant groups were maladaptive whereas the secure-dependent group was healthy and adaptive. Particularly, the ambivalent group was the most maladaptive displaying interpersonal sensitivity and external locus of evaluation.
Abstract
In this article, two studies were performed to investigate the differences of the tendency to control anger in terms of the participants’ differences in cultural dispositions. The Korean high-school students were devided into two groups (idiocentrics who have individualistic cultural dispositions and allocentrics who have collectivistic cultural dispositions) and instructed to evaluate their levels of experiencing anger (state-anger and trait-anger) and expressing behaviors of them (anger-out, anger-in, and anger-control) (Study 1), and their levels of anger-control and empathy (Study 2). In study 1, it was found that idiocentrics experience higher levels of state-and trait-anger, they express them more in everyday life situations than allocentrics, but allocentrics control their anger more than idiocentrics, and these differences of anger expressing behaviors were mediated by the level of trait-anger. In study 2, it was found that the level of empathy of allocentrics were higher than that of idiocentrics, and this difference mediates their anger-control behavior. On the basis of these results, it was discussed that allocentrics and people in the collectivistic societies are socialized to conrol their anger to maintain harmonious relationship with others and to develop their ability to empathize with peers from early in their life.
Abstract
The present study is to examine whether different decision rules as external norms imposed on the decision group affect the behavior and the final decision of the group differently. Specifically, based on the definition of the stability of jury verdicts as the degree to which different juries render the same verdict for the same case, the stability of mock juries' verdicts under the unanimity rule were compared with that under the simple majority rule. Eighty mock juries of 8 members for each deliberated and rendered verdicts for a murder case in which the defendant pleaded “not guilty” for the reason of self-defense. Half (40) of the juries rendered the verdict under the unanimity rule and the other half rendered the verdict under the simple majority rule. The juries under each of the decision rules were again randomly assigned into four conditions of evidence state：conflicting, exonerating, incriminating, and vague evidence states. The distribution of the verdicts under the unanimity rule yielded lower information entropy than the distribution under the simple majority rule, suggesting that the verdicts under the unanimity rule may be more stable than those under the simple majority rule. Two reasons for the higher stability of the verdicts under the unanimity rule were suggested：The verdicts under the unanimity rule, compared to those under the simple majority rule, correspond more closely to the objective state of the evidence specially in the conflicting and vague evidence condition; jurors deliberating under the unanimity rule are more open to the minority perspectives as predicted by the theory of leniency contract (Crano & Chen, 1998). Implications of the results for the trials by lay participation implemented in Korea were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate P300-based studies in lie detection. First, this study described the concept of event-related potentials (ERP) and the characteristics of P300. Important results were reviewed in regard to P300-based guilty knowledge test and P300-based control question test in previous studies. In detection of deception, the methods for ERP assessment in P300-based studies were evaluated on the basis of the accuracy of classification. In addition, this study examined the effect of countermeasures in P300-based lie detection. The limitations of previous studies and the directions for the further research were suggested in order to detect deception with more accuracy.
Abstract
The present study examined possible cultural differences in the relation between emotion suppression and subjective well-being. Compared to Americans, Koreans reported chronically higher levels of emotion suppression, but reported less difficulty in doing so. Cultural variation also emerged in the individual characteristics associated with emotion suppression. Emotion suppression was negatively associated with extraversion in the U. S., whereas it related positively with conscientiousness in Korea. Consistent with past findings, Americans who habitually suppressed their emotions had lower self-esteem, were emotionally distanced from others, and experienced lower subjective well-being than others. Interestingly, these negative patterns were absent in the Korean sample. Overall, the negative psychological signs of emotion suppression seem less evident in Korean culture where collective goals and harmony take precedence over expressions of individuality.
Abstract
This study was to test for Jeong (interpersonal affection) Maum (mind) through SEM. In view of folk psychology, everyday understanding of human action requires an understanding of other minds (Kashima, McKintyre, & Clifford, 1998). Folk psychological understanding, prediction, and explanation of human action may be based on the categorization of observed behaviors and events into the category of folk psychological mind. I hypothesized a folk model of Jeong Maum and tested it by structural equation modeling analysis. The folk model of Jeong Maum was consisted of belief, desire, and intention as a category of Maum. I also tested the relationship between the category of Jeong Maum and behavior, and the influence of emotion on the category of Maum. The results revealed that the influence of desire was stronger than belief on intention as a category of Jeong Maum. However, Jeong emotion influenced much on belief. Jeong emotion also influenced on behavior. Thus, the emotion which would feel in Jeong-deun relationship is likely to relate to belief, desire and behavior. This results implied that emotion could have constitutive function in the category of Maum.
Abstract
Two studies conducted to explore the influence of happiness on the adaptive psychological functioning. Study 1 examined whether happiness and psychological resources (self-esteem and optimism) reciprocally predict one another. A total of 308 junior high school students completed a questionnaire at two assessment periods 4 months apart. The results showed that initial life-satisfaction predicted increased self-esteem and optimism, and initial optimism predicted improved positive affect. In terms of Study 2, the long term effect of life-satisfaction and the relation between life-satisfaction and the changes of psychological resources were examined by using the data from Wave 1-4 (2003-2006) of the Korean Youth Panel Survey (KYPS). The results of Study 2 are as followings; Firstly, beneficial effects of life-satisfaction on self-esteem and self-trustfulness had lasted for 3 years. Secondly, life-satisfaction turned out to be slightly decreasing and two psychological resources (self-esteem and self-trustfulness) were growing during adolescence. Finally, the initial states and the rate of change of life-satisfaction had influences on the changes of the psychological resources. Overall, the findings indicate that life-satisfaction has a relation with the formation of adaptive psychological functioning.
Abstract
Counterfactual thinking is the cognitive mechanism of regret which includes the process of mutation a factual event into a once-possible-but-unrealized alternative. Roese and Summerville (2005) suggested that opportunity is a key determinant of regret and that the strongest regret would take place in life domains with the highest perceived opportunity. The present research examined the role of perceived opportunity in regret among Korean samples. The research procedure was basically adopted from Roese and Summerville (2005), with an additional measure of individualism-collectivism as cultural orientation. Study 1 investigated which life domain was most regretted. Study 2 asked participants to choose life domains in which they have(had) the most/least opportunities. The rank order correlation coefficient was significant between regret and opportunity, consistent with the Western previous findings. Moreover, Korean and American college students showed similar patterns in regret over similar life domains. Cultural orientations were partially related with experience of regret and perceived opportunity. Interestingly, frequency patterns of action vs. inaction regret varied across life domains. These findings were discussed in their implication of the universal principles and cultural uniqueness of regret experience.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether private self-consciousness predicted self-concept clarity. Gender and cognitive flexibility were hypothesized as factors that moderate this process. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed a interaction effect of private gender×cognitive flexibility on the relationship between private self-consciousness and self-concept clarity. Incontrast to the hypothesis, there was no significant effect of private self-consciousness×gender. ANOVA analysis revealed that males with strong private self-consciousness showed an increase in self-concept clarity when cognitive flexibility was high. Implications of these results, the differences between males and females, and suggestions for future studies are discussed.